Sumber Pengetahuan Kaunseling Islam dalam kalangan Guru Bimbingan dan Kaunseling [Sources of Islamic Counselling Knowledge among School Guidance and Counselling Teachers]

English

Abstract

Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti sumber pemerolehan, aplikasi dan penilaian pengetahuan kaunseling Islam dalam kalangan Guru Bimbingan dan Kaunseling (GBK) di sekolah menengah Malaysia. Tidak seperti kajian terdahulu yang berfokus pada institusi pengajian tinggi atau komuniti luar, kajian ini memfokuskan amalan sebenar GBK dalam sistem pendidikan kebangsaan yang bersifat pelbagai etnik dan budaya. Reka bentuk kajian kes pelbagai lokasi digunakan dengan pendekatan kualitatif interpretif, melibatkan temu bual separa berstruktur terhadap 19 orang GBK berdaftar dengan Lembaga Kaunselor Malaysia (LKM) yang mempunyai pengalaman sekurang-kurangnya lima tahun. Data dianalisis menggunakan kaedah tematik dengan bantuan perisian NVivo 12. Dapatan menunjukkan dua tema utama, iaitu pembelajaran secara formal dan tidak formal. Pendidikan formal melalui pembelajaran formal di institut pengajian tinggi menyediakan asas pengenalan, namun kurang menyentuh aspek kerangka tur?th atau tazkiyah al-nafs secara mendalam. Sebaliknya, pembelajaran tidak formal seperti kursus anjuran jabatan agama, halaqah ilmu dan bimbingan tokoh menjadi sumber dominan. Walau bagaimanapun, pendekatan ini kurang berpandukan sistem penyeliaan atau penilaian epistemik yang tersusun. Ini mencetuskan cabaran apabila pendekatan Islam dijadikan sekadar pelengkap kepada teori Barat, bukan sebagai kerangka tafsir utama. Kajian ini mencadangkan pembangunan model latihan bersepadu berasaskan hierarki ilmu Islam yang mengintegrasikan sumber wahyu, teks tur?th dan penapisan maq??id. Penemuan ini memberikan asas kukuh untuk reformasi latihan kaunselor di sekolah, demi memastikan amalan kaunseling Islam kekal sahih, lestari dan sesuai dengan kerangka keilmuan Islam yang menyeluruh. Justeru, kajian ini mencadangkan pembinaan garis panduan amali dan latihan lanjutan untuk meningkatkan keberkesanan pendekatan kaunseling Islam di sekolah. Kajian lanjutan dicadangkan untuk menilai keberkesanan latihan tersebut dalam meningkatkan kualiti amalan dan kefahaman profesionalisme kaunselor sekolah secara lebih menyeluruh.

This study aims to examine the sources, application, and evaluation of Islamic counselling knowledge among Guidance and Counselling Teachers (GBK) in Malaysian secondary schools. In contrast to prior research that primarily focused on institutions of higher education or community-based settings, this study investigates the actual practices of GBK within the culturally and ethnically diverse national school system. An interpretive qualitative approach was employed using a multiple-case study design across various school locations. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 19 registered GBK practitioners accredited by the Malaysian Board of Counsellors (LKM), each with a minimum of five years’ experience. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo 12 to identify and organise emerging patterns. Two key themes were identified: formal and informal learning pathways. While formal education provided foundational exposure through academic courses at higher learning institutions, it lacked engagement with deeper frameworks of Islamic scholarly tradition and spiritual refinement. In contrast, informal learning—such as religious training courses, study circles, and mentorship from senior figures—emerged as the dominant source of knowledge. However, these informal approaches were not guided by structured academic supervision or epistemological validation. This creates challenges when Islamic elements are positioned merely as supplementary to Western psychological frameworks, rather than serving as the primary interpretive lens. The study recommends the development of an integrated training model grounded in a coherent Islamic knowledge framework, to strengthen the validity and sustainability of Islamic counselling practices in schools. Practical guidelines and advanced training programmes are proposed to enhance school-based implementation. Future research is recommended to empirically evaluate the effectiveness of such training in improving the quality and professionalism of school counsellors' Islamic counselling practices.