Analisis Konsep Hisbah sebagai Model Pemantauan Syariah dalam Pasaran Digital [An Analysis of the Hisbah Concept as a Shariah Monitoring Model in Digital Marketplaces]

Abstract

Perkembangan pesat ekonomi digital telah mengubah struktur pasaran melalui kemunculan pelbagai platform perdagangan dalam talian, sistem pembayaran digital serta teknologi kewangan. Walaupun inovasi ini meningkatkan kecekapan transaksi dan memperluas akses pasaran, ia turut menimbulkan cabaran berkaitan tadbir urus seperti ketelusan maklumat, perlindungan pengguna dan etika perdagangan. Dalam tradisi ekonomi Islam, institusi hisbah berfungsi sebagai mekanisme pengawasan pasaran yang bertujuan memastikan keadilan dalam transaksi serta memelihara kepentingan masyarakat. Walau bagaimanapun, perbincangan kontemporari mengenai kewangan digital Islam kebanyakannya memberi tumpuan kepada aspek pematuhan kontrak dan inovasi teknologi, manakala peranan mekanisme pemantauan pasaran masih kurang dibincangkan. Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti konsep hisbah dalam pemikiran ekonomi Islam serta meneroka potensinya sebagai model pemantauan Syariah dalam pasaran digital. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis dokumen dan literatur yang merangkumi karya klasik berkaitan hisbah serta kajian kontemporari mengenai tadbir urus ekonomi digital dan fintech Islam. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahawa prinsip asas hisbah seperti pengawasan pasaran, pencegahan penipuan, perlindungan pengguna dan pemeliharaan maslahah mempunyai potensi untuk dijadikan asas kepada pembangunan mekanisme pemantauan Syariah dalam pasaran digital. Kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa integrasi prinsip hisbah dalam tadbir urus platform digital dapat menyumbang kepada pengukuhan pengawasan etika dan keadilan dalam ekosistem ekonomi digital yang semakin berkembang.

The rapid development of the digital economy has transformed market structures through the emergence of online marketplaces, digital payment systems, and financial technology platforms. While these innovations enhance efficiency and market accessibility, they also introduce governance challenges related to transparency, consumer protection, and ethical market conduct. In Islamic economic tradition, the institution of hisbah historically functioned as a mechanism for supervising market activities and ensuring fairness in commercial transactions. However, contemporary discussions on Islamic digital finance often focus primarily on contractual compliance and technological innovation, with limited attention given to market monitoring mechanisms. This study aims to examine the concept of hisbah in Islamic economic thought and explore its potential application as a Shariah monitoring model in digital marketplaces. Using a qualitative approach based on document and literature analysis, this study reviews classical Islamic scholarship on hisbah alongside contemporary studies on digital economy governance and Islamic fintech. The analysis suggests that the principles underlying hisbah, including market supervision, prevention of fraudulent practices, consumer protection, and the preservation of public interest (maslahah), provide a relevant conceptual foundation for developing Shariah-compliant monitoring mechanisms in digital marketplaces. The study concludes that integrating hisbah principles into digital marketplace governance may contribute to strengthening ethical oversight and promoting justice in the evolving digital economic environment.