Implikasi Pemansuhan Hukuman Mati Mandatori di Malaysia menurut Perundangan Sivil dan Hukum Syarak [The Implications of The Abolition of The Mandatory Death Penalty in Malaysia According to Civil Law and Islamic Law]

Abstract

Pemansuhan hukuman mandatori melalui Akta Pemansuhan Hukuman Mati Mandatori 2023 (Akta 846) telah mengubah landskap jenayah Malaysia dengan memberikan kuasa budi bicara lebih luas kepada mahkamah dalam menjatuhkan hukuman bagi kesalahan tertentu antaranya Akta 574 Kanun Keseksaan dan Akta Senjata Api (Penalti Lebih Berat) 1971. Namun begitu, rentetan daripada penguatkuasaan ini, telah timbul pelbagai persepsi hangat oleh masyarakat yang berbeza pandangan mengenai penguatkuasaan pemansuhan hukuman mati ini. Justeru itu, artikel ini akan membincangkan tentang kajian literatur dengan meneliti perbahasan ilmiah berkaitan dengan kategori jenayah hukuman mati yang dimansuhkan dan implikasi pemansuhan hukuman mati mandatori terhadap masyarakat di Malaysia menurut perundangan sivil dan hukum syarak. Metodologi kajian yang dilakukan adalah secara kualitatif di mana data yang terkumpul dari primer dan sekunder seperti statut perundangan, artikel-artikel dari jurnal serta tabloid akan dianalisis secara deskriptif mengikut terma-terma yang sesuai. Hasil dapatan awal kajian mendapati bahawa walaupun hukuman mati mandatori telah dimansuhkan, namun terdapat persoalan mengenai ketidakjelasan kategori kesalahan hukuman mati yang dimansuhkan serta persoalan mengenai kedudukan hak waris menurut hukum syarak. Oleh itu, pemansuhan hukuman mati mandatori ini memerlukan penambahbaikan dari sudut dasar dan pelaksanaan agar selari dengan prinsip keadilan dalam perundangan sivil dan hukum syarak. Akhir sekali, kajian ini dibuat bagi memenuhi Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan ke-16 (SDG 16).

The abolition of mandatory sentences through the Abolition of Mandatory Death Penalty Act 2023 (Act 846) has changed the Malaysian criminal landscape by giving the courts wider discretion in sentencing for certain offences, including Act 574 of the Penal Code and the Firearms (Heavier Penalties) Act 1971. However, as a result of this enforcement, various heated perceptions have emerged from the community with different views on the enforcement of the abolition of the death penalty. Therefore, this article will discuss a literature review by examining the scholarly debate related to the categories of crimes for which the death penalty has been abolished and the implications of the abolition of the mandatory death penalty for society in Malaysia according to civil law and Islamic law. The research methodology carried out is qualitative where data collected from primary and secondary sources such as legal statutes, articles from journals and tabloids will be analyzed descriptively according to appropriate terms. The initial findings of the study found that although the mandatory death penalty has been abolished, there are questions regarding the unclear categories of the abolished death penalty offences as well as questions regarding the position of heir rights according to Islamic law. Therefore, the abolition of the mandatory death penalty requires improvements in terms of policy and implementation to be in line with the principles of justice in civil law and Islamic law. Finally, this study was conducted to fulfill Sustainable Development Goal 16 (SDG 16).