Fiqh al-Bi’ah dalam Perspektif al-Quran [Fiqh al-Bi’ah in Quranic Perspectives]

Abstract

Krisis alam sekitar global yang semakin serius pada hari ini sebahagian besarnya berpunca daripada eksploitasi manusia yang gagal memahami tanggungjawab mereka sebagai khalifah di muka bumi. Bertitik tolak daripada realiti ini, kajian bertujuan untuk memahami konsep fiqh al-bi'ah secara holistik melalui perspektif al-Quran. Pendekatan kualitatif berasaskan analisis kepustakaan digunakan dengan merujuk sumber primer dan sekunder, merangkumi al-Quran, kitab tafsir, karya fiqh klasik dan kontemporari, serta penulisan akademik yang berkaitan. Kajian mendapati bahawa fiqh al-bi'ah bukan sekadar perbahasan tentang hukum halal dan haram, tetapi merupakan disiplin etika terapan yang mengintegrasikan teologi, hukum, dan nilai kemanusiaan bagi membimbing manusia memelihara alam secara bertanggungjawab. Dari sudut maqasid syariah, penjagaan alam adalah kewajipan agama kerana kerosakan ekologi secara langsung mengancam lima perkara asas yang dilindungi syariah, iaitu agama, nyawa, akal, keturunan, dan harta. Selain itu, ekoteologi al-Quran menegaskan bahawa alam adalah tanda kekuasaan Allah (ayat kauniyah) dan manusia dipertanggungjawabkan untuk mengekalkan keseimbangan ekologi (mizan). Walau bagaimanapun, kajian turut mendapati bahawa fiqh al-bi'ah masih terhad pada peringkat wacana konseptual dan belum diterjemahkan secara sistematik ke dalam penguatkuasaan perundangan mahupun dasar awam. Kajian ini merumuskan bahawa penjagaan alam sekitar perlu dilihat sebagai amanah agama, dan fiqh al-bi'ah perlu diaplikasikan secara praktikal dalam dasar alam sekitar serta sistem pendidikan demi menjamin kelangsungan tamadun yang lestari bagi generasi akan datang.

The escalating global environmental crisis is largely driven by anthropogenic exploitation, rooted in humanity's failure to comprehend its responsibility as khilafah (stewards) on Earth.S Stemmed from this reality, the purpose of this study to analyse the concept of fiqh al-bi’ah (environmental jurisprudence) holistically through a Qur’anic lens. Employing a qualitative methodology grounded in library research, this study examines primary and secondary sources, encompassing the Qur’an, classical and contemporary tafsir (exegeses), traditional jurisprudential texts, and academic literature. The findings indicate that the discourse of fiqh al-bi’ah not only focusing on halal (permissible) and haram (prohibited) matters; rather, it constitutes an applied ethical discipline that integrates theology, jurisprudence, and humanistic values to guide responsible ecological stewardship. From the perspective of maqasid al-shari’ah (the higher objectives of Islamic law), environmental preservation is a crucial component in Islam as ecological degradation directly affected the five foundational necessities protected by Islamic law; faith, life, intellect, progeny, and property. Furthermore, Qur’anic ecotheology indicates that the natural world manifests ayat kauniyyah (cosmic signs of divine power), thereby obligating humanity to maintain ecological equilibrium (mizan). Nevertheless, the study reveals that fiqh al-bi’ah remains predominantly confined to conceptual and theoretical discourse, lacking systematic integration into statutory legislation and public policy. This study concludes that environmental conservation must be re-conceptualized as a divine trust (amanah). Consequently, fiqh al-bi’ah must be pragmatically operationalized within environmental policies and national education systems to safeguard a sustainable civilization for future generations.